The logistics chain
In a globalized environment, logistics chains compete alongside products. They require the cooperation of manufacturers, distributors and logistics operators to achieve the highest efficiency and lowest possible cost in each product with the requisite availability and flexibility.
In turn, logistics chains are articulated through specialized and high-capacity intermodal logistic nodes and transport networks.
The cooperation between the companies that intervene in the same supply chain also makes it possible to optimize resources, minimize stocks and reduce lead times.
In this framework, information and communication technologies (ICT) are an essential element for the management of information flows, product traceability and the development of electronic commerce.
The complexity of operations in international trade makes the support of a global logistics operator essential so that the exporting company can focus on developing its competitive advantages.
Logistics in international trade
The programming of the logistics chain must be foreseen from the moment in which the company decides to export or import a product. It affects both the design of the packaging materials as well as the terms of delivery that will be agreed in the contract of sale, among other things.
In addition to the specific costs of any logistics operation, the main elements that must be considered are:
- Nature and characteristics of the merchandise.
- Unit load.
- Mode of transport.
- Transportation process.
- Legislation and regulations.
- Logistics in the international contract of sale.
Nature and characteristics of the merchandise
These determine the configuration of the unit load, the mode of transport that should be used and the storage and handling systems. It is worth making a distinction between:
- General cargo in loose units (partial load) or grouped in pallets (palletized load). Mainly transported in containers.
- Bulk cargo. This can be transported in containers or other cargo transport units, in bulk carriers, gas carriers, tankers, etc.
- Special load. Due to its size, weight, volume, etc., it requires special handling or transport conditions.
- Temperature controlled cargo. It may be refrigerated, frozen, deep-frozen or hot.
- Dangerous goods. Particularly those included in the international regulations: ADR Agreement, IMDG Code, IATA DGR Rules and RID Agreement.
- Roll-on/roll-off cargo. Comprised of platforms that slide on wheels, semi-trailers, trucks, wagons, etc.
- Other merchandise, such as valuables or live animals.
